ROCKY RELATIONSHIPS

• In spite of the many differences and disagreements between European colonists and the native American people, there were times during which they worked together as allies. When competing groups both wanted to make peace, they met together and worked out treaties to end their fighting. Early English colonists in the colonies of Plymouth and Jamestown received help from the Wampanoag and Powhatan Indians to survive their adjustment to the strange new world that had become their home.

• As a result of their times of cooperation, native Americans and European colonists introduced each other to new ideas and new things. The native Americans, for example, showed colonists special ways to grow and store food because they were familiar with living off the land and understood what was needed. Many of the words in our English language came from native American Indian words that were taught to the colonists, and handed down as part of a new, combined language. The Europeans brought wonderful new animals to the Americas: horses, cattle, and sheep were all new to the native Americans. These animals became valuable sources of transportation and food. Metal items were also new to the natives. They began to use knives, needles, metal axe heads, and metal pots for cooking. Cloth and glass beads were also new items that were very much in demand. Interaction between the groups changed everyone’s lives.

•  Times of peace were always interrupted by conflict between the colonists and the native Americans. The Powhatan Wars between 1610 and 1646 were bloody battles that ended with the Powhatan losing most of their land. In 1637 the Pequot War erupted out of trade and land arguments. The colonists and their allies from rival tribes attacked and burned down a Pequot Village. They massacred the villagers, brutally killing hundreds of people. In 1675 the native American leader Metacom, also known as King Philip, gathered many native groups together to get rid of the colonists. This fierce year-long battle was called King Philip’s War. Metacom was ultimately defeated, and colonists took over most of the native American lands on the eastern coast of North America. The French  and Indian War began in 1754. Although it was primarily between European colonists, native Americans became involved as allies on both sides. The 1763Treaty of Paris gave Britain (England) control over northern and western lands that had once belonged to the French.

Name:__________________________________

Answer the following questions based on the reading passage. Don’t forget to go back to the passage whenever necessary to find or confirm your answers.

1. Judge the effects of the new items brought by the Europeans on the native’s way of life. What changed? Was it a good change, or a bad change? 
2. What was the ultimate result of most the conflict between Europeans and native Amercians? 
3.  What do you think would have happened if Metacom and his allies had won King Philip’s War? 
4. Do you think it is moral to massacre women and children during times of war? Why, or why not? 
5.   Canada is an English territory, so why do so many Canadians speak French?